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Ehden Biber
[UPDATE - 2024]
This post contains the first two articles I’ve published on Codon Optimization, back in 2021. I’ve added the missing videos of Katerina Alexaki and Dr. Alexandra Henrion-Caude, and re-arranged it a bit. Also, now you can add comments (sorry, didn’t know the content was locked)
ARTICLE 1 - COPTIGATE - THE WORST DESIGN FLAW IN HUMAN HISTORY THAT IS IMPACTING YOUR HEALTH
How come Prizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen etc. are using a technology that both they and the regulators know will cause unknown results?
(plus a bonus)
Let's start with a thought experiment:
If an engineering design flaw exists and no one measures it, can it really injure people or kill them?
Making a new vaccine is hard. Making a new vaccine that uses a new technology is even harder, because you need to prove safety.
Luckily, when it comes to COVID, the vaccines have been tested and shown to be safe, right?
Well, they might have forgotten one thing…
Trying to tell your body to generate proteins is hard for many reasons. One of them is the fact that when you try to run the protein information via ribosomes which process that code and generate the protein, it can be very slow or can get stuck during the process.
Luckily, scientists found a way to overcome this problem, by doing code substitution: instead of using the original genetic code to generate the protein, they changed the letters in the code so the code would be optimized. This is known as Codon Optimization.
Codons are three nucleotides; nucleotides are the building blocks of your DNA.
Here is an example of Codon Optimization:
60% of the codons were altered,
22% of the nucleotides were altered.
And yet the end result is that the ribosomes generate the same protein!
Same? Well, not so much.
In 2011 Nature Medicine magazine published an article called "Breaking the Silence". It described how codon optimization, which uses this synonymous DNA changes, can trigger disease in a number of ways.
Turns out the protein which was manufactured when codon optimization has different ways it folds and a different 3D shape, and it "could cause immunogenicity, for example, which wouldn’t be seen until late-stage clinical trials or even after approval".
"The changed form could cause immunogenicity, for example, which wouldn’t be seen until late-stage clinical trials or even after approval." (Chava Kimchi Sarfaty, FDA)
This statement relates to the NORMAL approval cycle. The COVID vaccines went via an accelerated one.
"codon optimization can lead to alterations in protein conformation and function…. and increase immunogenicity….some of these elements can … alter protein folding, and lead to changes in protein conformation and post-translational modifications.” (Vincent P. Mauro)
Protein misfolding "has been linked with neurodegeneration in Alzheimer and Parkinson disease, and many other pathologies."
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28441058/
"The data confirm that protein misfolding resulting in intracellular PAO accumulation is sufficient to cause cardiomyocyte death and heart failure."
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18612262/
So if it is so problematic, why do manufacturers use it? because "higher levels of protein expression are required for clinical trials and commercialization, and these expression levels can sometimes be obtained by using (codon optimization)" (Vincent P. Mauro, 2018)
Pfizer is the most aggressive in their genetic code optimization (as far as we know); just read the abstract from "BNT162b2 Vaccine: Possible Codons Misreading, Errors in Protein Synthesis and Alternative Splicing's Anomalies"
Do they mention it to the regulator? no.
Here is Pfizer BNT162b2/Comirnaty Risk Management Plan for the EMA.
Variant V8 & V9 were tested, only difference was codon optimization, V8 had elevated levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GTT), V9 didn't.
So Pfizer admits codon optimization can lead to elevated GTT, and "elevated GGT is linked to increased risk to a multitude of diseases and conditions, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and all-cause mortality."
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4620378/
And even though Pfizer admits codon optimization impacts the safety of their product, "Safety pharmacology, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity studies have not been conducted in accordance with the 2005 WHO vaccine guideline."
How did they manage to avoid testing?
The WHO 2005 document states that such tests normally not needed for the FINAL vaccine formulation. This is because in a NORMAL vaccine approval pharmacology, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity studies are done during ANIMAL STUDIES, which were practically skipped here.
Even though EMA states:
"It is important to investigate the potential for undesirable pharmacological activity in appropriate animal models and, where necessary, to incorporate particular monitoring for these activities in the toxicity studies and/or clinical studies"
Back to sequencing: this concern was reported in 2006, published in 2007, and "breaking the silence" was published in Nature Medicine magazine in 2011, the FDA or its equivalent in Europe (EMA) STILL THEY DO NOT HAVE a guidance with regard to the genetic sequencing.
Here is Katerina Alexaki from the FDA explaining how a SINGLE synonymous mutation (mutation that doesn't impact the protein but its 3D object & folding) can result in a disease and that if you have multiple substations there is a good chance it may have an effect.
Here is again Katerina Alexaki, this time answering the question whether the regulator demand the manufacturers to test for the impact of their codon optimization.
The answer is no.
Here is a slide from a workshop given to the EMA in 2016, by FDA employee ("Immunogenicity of Biological Therapeutics Product Quality Attributes")
Construct design affects product quality and "Codon optimization and protein folding" are mentioned.
The manufacturers knows about the potential risk.
The regulators knows about the potential risk.
Yet regulators don't test V products as gene therapy, and do not put in place codon optimization risk mitigation plan.
IF YOU DON'T MEASURE RISK IT DOESN'T GO AWAY.
THE BONUS !!!
Could it be that the "variants" that we see are a result of the misfolding of the spike protein, which is a result of the codon optimization technology used?
Could it explain the correlation between vaccinations campaigns & "new variants" outbreaks?
BONUS (cont)
If codon optimization is causing "new variants" (new symptoms & sickness), than any new product (eg boosters) which will include new codon optimized genetic code, will again lead to more forms of sickness.
PS
Where is the 3D model of the "Delta variant"?
Protein folding is governed by Gibbs Free Energy (ΔΔG). Protein stability seems to plays a vital role in the evolution of SARS-CoV-2. Dominant variants were found to exhibit significantly lower ΔΔG, with HIGHER THAN EXPECTED protein stability.
Just to explain the above, out of the variants of concern, NONE of the dominant mutations (67 of 19440 possible mutations) observed in induce a strongly destabilizing, which was significantly different to the expected 34% of possible mutations meeting this threshold.
"We suggest that protein folding calculations offer a useful tool for early identification of advantageous mutations"
Could it be that manufacturers used codon optimization and protein folding calculations in order to stabilize the selected spike protein?
"hold on, that's the spike protein, that does not explain the spread of the virus. The spike protein is not supposed to replicate!"
Agreed, but it does not explain IgG antibodies against the nucleocapsid in vaccinated non-infected people.
https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciab465/6279075
And for anyone who is still not freaked out...I forgot to mention reverse transcription, thank you @HiveAnti for reminding me.
"Breaking Study Sheds More Light on Whether an RNA Vaccine Can Permanently Alter DNA".
https://sciencewithdrdoug.com/2021/02/15/breaking-study-sheds-more-light-on-whether-an-rna-vaccine-can-permanently-alter-dna/
COPTIGATE REDUX - MAJOR UPDATE!
The following tweets are A MAJOR REVISION / UPDATE to the story. It's darn complex.
As the doctor always says in the joke: "I've got some good news, and I've got some bad news."
Don't worry, you will get ANOTHER BONUS at the end !!!
Let's start with the GOOD news:
MOST pharmaceutical companies realized they have a problem (Actually since the MERS outbreak). The spike protein was unstable, so this time they inserted genetic code to create a supportive "skeleton" structure. (cont)
This is how it works:
They made two substitutions in the genetic code, adding two molecules of amino acid called proline, in order for it to act as an anchor to keep the protein structure in place.
I some MOST because AstraZeneca didn't…
Problems solved, right?
Obviously not (BAD NEWS)!
So it seems that ALL the vaccines that are in the market who use this technology, known as S-2P or 2P, suffer from instability and it is difficult to produce reliably in mammalian cells. Just a reminder - we are (still) mammals.
Also, remember - we have TWO substitutions here. If ONE synonymous mutation can lead to a disease, what is the impact of TWO substitutions?
The new suggested structure, HexaPro, uses 6 substitutions.
Great for performance and stability, but what about safety?
When you look at the actual reporting to EMA, you see that Moderna and Janssen (Ad26.COV2.S) reported the use of S-2P, AstraZeneca confirmed it doesn't… and Pfizer described the multiple modifications, and nobody raised it as a risk.
The regulator DOES NOT HAVE a guidance with regard to the genetic sequencing, does not have a process & toolset to measure the risks, and therefore, is unable to develop a Risk Management Program to address the probability & magnitude of future adverse events.
And again, as I said before, we have multiple substations that are right now being kept together by two proline molecules unstable and difficult to produce reliably, and in the case of AZ, not even held at all.
Does this makes you feel secure?
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/369/6510/1501
OHH.... ONE LAST THING....
Remember the report of Pfizer from Japan that showed how the vaccine lipids which contain the mRNA in them are leaving the injection site and spreading all around the body?
Guess what - it's worse than you think!
"Different cell types have drastically different coder usage, different tRNA levels, and figuring the translational kinetics in one tissue tells you NOTHING about the translational kinetics in a different tissue" (Katerina Alexaki)
Translational kinetics can lead to translational pauses, which have a role in modulating protein conformation, can lead to structural changes, increase immunogenicity and change performance. This has been reported since the 90’s.
Safe, right?
There is a database of 51 types of tissues with known different coder usage. NO ONE tested their product vs all the different tissue types. NO ONE knows what the impact is.
THE REGULATOR MUST STOP ACTING LIKE A RUBBER STAMP.
THIS IS OUR BODIES, WE DEMAND SAFETY!
WARNING - IF YOU ARE FROM ISRAEL, YOU ARRIVED TO THE WORST PART OF THIS THREAD !!!
REMEMBER: IGNORANCE IS BLISS: IF YOU CHOOSE TO CONTINUE READING, YOU WILL NEVER BE ABLE TO SEE REALITY AS BEFORE (I MEAN IT!!!)
On the 17th of December Pfizer informed they already supplied 2.9 million dosages, have millions more doses sitting in their warehouse, and claim they can deliver 50 million more by end of 2020.
Israel started its campaign on 19 December 2020, with prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu being the first person in the country to receive the vaccine. In less than two weeks, over 10% of Israelis received their first dose. Israel's population is 9,364,000, meaning ~1M.
On the 9th of December the EMA was hacked. On the January the information was shared online.
However, before we will go to them, let us get some context.
The European Medical Agency (EMA) Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) released a report on 19 February 2021 on the Pfizer product.
There is a section called "Steps taken for the assessment of the product".
Remember this report was written 3 MONTHS after Israel already started its vaccination program. In Israel, on the 19th of February 4,280,046 got 1 shot, 2,932,180 got 2nd shot, in total 7,212,226 shots.
datadashboard.health.gov.il/COVID-19/gener…
Back to EMA report:
Prizer had two processes: process 1 (clinical trial material) and Process 2 (commercial process).
The two processes generated different products:
"It can therefore not be concluded that identical species are obtained by the processes."
The product included fragmented mRNA, which expected not to cause problems:
"It is likely that the fragmented species will not result in expressed proteins, due to their expected poor stability and poor translational efficiency"
Fragments are supposed to lack segments that will allow it to be fully processed, but it's not the case.
"majority of fragments…expected to be …truncated
transcripts…the results indicating a substantial proportion … are not in agreement with this statement."
In summary: the product does work in the cell as it is supposed to.
"most fragments would arise from premature termination in the IVT (In vitro Transcription) reaction."
poly(A) acts as a timer of mRNA stability, and its value was not tested for during production.
"The length of the tails is important for RNA stability and translational efficiency the poly(A) tail length should be included to the active substance release testing"
Remember the hack?
One of the emails has identified “a significant difference in % RNA integrity/truncated species” between the clinical batches and proposed commercial batches—from around 78% to 55%."
https://www.bmj.com/content/372/bmj.n627
MUCH, MUCH WORSE:
"THE POSSIBILITY OF TRANSLATED PROTEINS OTHER THAN THE INTENDED SPIKE PROTEIN (S1S2), RESULTING FROM TRUCATED AND/OR MODIFIED mRNA SPECIES SHOULD BE ADDRESSED"
In other words: THE POSSIBILITY OF MUTATIONS MUST BE ADDRESSED.
Remember Israel? 7,212,226 shots were given to 4,280,046 individuals of a product that suffered from the above manufacturing problems.
PFIZER KNEW ABOUT IT. DO YOU THINK ISRAEL DIDN'T?
Do you still wonder why the product is not serialized?
Reading the leaked document I quoted from (BWP Rolling Review report to ETF / CHMP, Rolling Review #2) is actually good risk measurement, it covers a lot of areas, but it does not cover Codon Optimization at all.
covidvaccinereactions.com/ema-pfizer-lea…
Manufacturers are having SO MUCH PROBLEMS to deliver a product that will be in line with cGMP requirements (which is everything above), so I understand why they want to completely ignore a huge threat landscape.
But why is the regulator not demanding to check it?
There are people (at least in the FDA) such as Katerina Alexaki who understand the topic and have developed a good process of validating the performance of Codon Optimization in biotherapeutics.
So WHY the regulator (FDA/EMA) don't test it?
From my professional experience, refusal to measure risk IS ALWAYS an indication that someone knows there is a real problem. ALWAYS.
It ties back to #PfizerLeak: no liability for big pharma + full liability to country = no incentives to talk about the new elephant.
I believe that the real reason why people are not acting professionally is political pressure, social pressure, and a spinning door between regulators & industry.
The systems we have in place suppress honest people. This is how disasters occur.
THIS NEEDS TO STOP.
I ALMOST MISSED THE PROOF!!!!
EMA was asking for:
"RELEVANT PROTEIN/PEPTIDE CHARACTERIZATION DATA FOR PREDOMINANT SPECIES SHOULD BE PROVIDED, IF AVAILABLE"
THE REGULATOR DON'T KNOW (or at least didn't know) WHAT THE mRNA IS CREATING, not to mention codon information.
Article 2 - COPTIGATE - 3D CHESS EDITION
How the worst design flaw in human history (that is impacting your health) is even WORSE THAN YOU THINK. (thread)
First, deep gratitude to @Kevin_McKernan (Check his BIO!) for his comments on the original thread. If only I have known 1% about genetics of what he already forgotten!
After summarizing his comments we can proceed to the 3D chess.
https://twitter.com/Kevin_McKernan/status/1427610314133045251
As I said in the original thread, Pfizer, Moderna, and Janssen implemented a genetic code change (2P) in order to stabilized the spike protein their product creates, We know that Pfizer & Moderna also implemented letter substitution, so let's recap that topic.
Remember, a genetic code is made of letters (nucleotides), grouped together in groups of 3 we call codons.
In order to bypass protection mechanisms in the human cells that prevent viral replications, some manufacturers decided to trick to use letter substitution.
Pfizer and Moderna replaced all the U genetic letters with N1-methylpseudouridines (Ψ), or in short PSI, to allow "protect it from the immune system".
The problem is it causes it causes translation errors when the ribosomes process the code.
https://www.pnas.org/content/116/46/23068
Or, in other words, because the manufacturers have decided to use letter substitutions they have caused translation errors, mutations, variants, or whatever you like to call them.
When scientists tried to train the immune system using optimized codon segment of the SARS_CoV_2 virus, a nonstructural protein, it didn't work. Optimization "broke" it.
Again the warning:
"protein function can be compromised even by a single synonymous codon substitution…and protein expression…may hinder proper folding".
Or in our case - your body might face a protein that we don't know what it do.
You can learn more about concerns surrounding the mRNA products and the the dangers that can rise through them by this interview with geneticist Dr. Alexandra Henrion-Caude (taken from Planet Lockdown documentary).
Finally, Kevin reminded us that the SARS_CoV_2 has a fusion of multiple wild viral components (such as furin cleavage site), plus a human optimized spike, via greater synonymous codon vs. this virus "relatives" in the wild.
(see “Multivariate analyses of codon usage of SARS-CoV-2 and other betacoronaviruses”, gu et al, 2020)
THIS BRINGS US TO THE 3D-CHESS!!!
In an article called "Genetic Code Complexity Just Tripled" published in "Evolution News" on April 21, 2017, describes the findings of two scientists from the University of Utah which breaks a genetics dogma.
Authors again confirmed what I've already covered in the 1st thread.
THEIR BIG DISCOVERY was that if they changed a codon on one side of a faulty codon it resulted in a 10-fold increase in protein activity, Changing the codon on the other side resulted in a 20-fold decrease, and changing both produced a 35-fold increase.
So a codon, which are 3 letters, seems to be a part of a superstructure of 3 codons, one before it and one after it, and they all influence each other.
Implications:
1) You can't just do a do a change in a lab environment on a codon and assume your change will work on humans. It can explain why lab experiments working on one gene fail when moved to humans.
2) From an evolutionary perspectives, "the difficulty for natural selection would be in finding codon optimization for a given gene" selection pressure on a single codon requires 844,596,301 codon combinations.
This means that the chances of the SAR_CoV_2 being a result of an evolutionary pressure seems inconceivable. The added features, the optimized for humans spike protein… all in a virus that was supposed to origin from bats and via evolutionary pressure?
BACK TO THE 3D CHESS.
AS FAR AS I KNOW the codon optimization which is used by manufacturers (Pfizer, AZ, Moderna, Jannsen etc.) do not take into account the the triplet-of-triplets relationship, meaning THEIR CODON OPTIMIZATION CAN INTRODUCE UNPREDICTABLE FEATURES!
SUMMARY
On top of all the possible problems that can introduced due to the optimization, there is an inability to foresee the real impact of this optimization due to the inter-dependency of codons.
Welcome to Jurassic Park, the Codon Optimization edition.
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